Resources

Readings, links, and tools

Glossary

The four terms below follow the definitions in Nosek et al. (2025). The ‘in this workshop’ column says where each concept appears in the session.

Term Definition In this workshop
Reproducibility Same question · same data · same analysis → same result Tested by the SCORE programme (Alipourfard et al. 2021); Teney’s result was not reproducible (Miske et al. 2026)
Robustness Same question · same data · justifiable alternative analysis → stable result Multi100’s design (Aczel et al. 2026); the five-analyst table; Task D2
Replicability Same question · independent new data → same result Tyner et al. (Tyner et al. 2026); discussed in Talk I
Repeatability Umbrella term covering all three above Used in the Nosek et al. glossary as the overarching category

Core readings

The three Nature 2026 papers (SCORE)

Vocabulary

Estimands and analytical choices

The case study paper

The SCORE programme


The Teney (2016) SCORE dossier – one paper, all three Rs

The Teney (2016) paper was subjected to all three SCORE activities: reproduction, robustness reanalysis, and replication. The parent node for the full dossier is https://osf.io/h7432/. The table below summarises each component.

Component What Outcome
whp4b Original materials collected by COS View-only
cf8en Author-provided code – two Stata do-files (eb_all.do, eb_ml_ESR.do) supplied on request; data cannot be shared under GESIS terms (statement file gxk9r) Code available; data restricted
8fwrt Power analysis for the replication
ezhcs Push-button reproduction (with author code) Failed – file names in the code did not match the files available for download; 18 files referenced, 16 listed on the website
4rjbf Source-data reproduction ‘Not reproduced’ – original effect size could not be extracted or re-calculated
gr8u6 Multi100 robustness – 5 independent reanalysts All 5 coefficients negative (claim-consistent direction); partial r from −0.006 to −0.452
zt5y2 Secondary-data replication (Eurobarometer + Eurostat, different waves; preregistered; N = 352,114 person-year obs.) Not replicated – sign flip: positive coefficient (b = 0.002, t = 2.004, p = 0.046) in both Analysis One and Analysis Two
6zqct Analyst’s maintained fork (workshop fetch target) – adds corrected April 2025 analysis https://osf.io/6zqct/
8rtwe Official Multi100 archival record for analyst C6HJR https://osf.io/8rtwe/

Three Rs, three different verdicts on one paper: reproduction failed (twice, differently); robustness held in sign but spanned two orders of magnitude in effect size; replication returned a sign flip. This is the glossary’s point that the three indicators are near-uncorrelated – made concrete by a single case built entirely from public artefacts.


Newcastle University resources

Resource URL
RSE training (Research Software Engineering) https://rse.ncldata.dev/events
NCL Library – open research pages https://www.ncl.ac.uk/library/academic-support/research/open-research/
Research Data Newcastle https://data.ncl.ac.uk
UKRN Primers (open research primers) https://www.ukrn.org/primers/
ReproducibiliTea Newcastle Search ‘ReproducibiliTea Newcastle’ – a journal club for open and reproducible science

Tool documentation

Tool URL
Positron (IDE) https://positron.posit.co
Quarto https://quarto.org
quarto-live (webR extension) https://r-wasm.github.io/quarto-live/
osfr package https://docs.ropensci.org/osfr/
fixest package https://lrberge.github.io/fixest/
ggdag package https://r-causal.github.io/ggdag/

References

Aczel, Balazs, Barnabas Szaszi, Harry T. Clelland, et al. 2026. “Investigating the Analytical Robustness of the Social and Behavioural Sciences.” Nature 652 (8108): 135–42. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09844-9.
Alipourfard, Nazanin, Beatrix Arendt, Daniel M Benjamin, et al. 2021. Systematizing Confidence in Open Research and Evidence (SCORE). 46mnb_v1. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/46mnb.
Auspurg, Katrin, and Josef Brüderl. 2021. “Has the Credibility of the Social Sciences Been Credibly Destroyed? Reanalyzing the Many Analysts, One Data Set Project.” Socius 7 (January): 23780231211024421. https://doi.org/10.1177/23780231211024421.
Lundberg, Ian, Rebecca Johnson, and Brandon M. Stewart. 2021. “What Is Your Estimand? Defining the Target Quantity Connects Statistical Evidence to Theory.” American Sociological Review 86 (3): 532–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031224211004187.
Miske, Olivia, Anna Lou Abatayo, Mason Daley, et al. 2026. “Investigating the Reproducibility of the Social and Behavioural Sciences.” Nature 652 (8108): 126–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10203-5.
Nosek, Brian A., and Timothy M. Errington. 2020. “What Is Replication?” PLOS Biology 18 (3): e3000691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000691.
Nosek, Brian A, Timothy M Errington, Noah Haber, Theresa Stankov, and Andrew H Tyner. 2025. A Brief Glossary of Terms about Repeatability: Replicability, Robustness, and Reproducibility. mqfp4_v1. MetaArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/mqfp4_v1.
Silberzahn, R., E. L. Uhlmann, D. P. Martin, et al. 2018. “Many Analysts, One Data Set: Making Transparent How Variations in Analytic Choices Affect Results.” Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science 1 (3): 337–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245917747646.
Teney, Céline. 2016. “Does the EU Economic Crisis Undermine Subjective Europeanization? Assessing the Dynamics of CitizensEU Framing Between 2004 and 2013.” European Sociological Review 32 (5): 619–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcw008.
Tyner, Andrew H., Anna Lou Abatayo, Mason Daley, et al. 2026. “Investigating the Replicability of the Social and Behavioural Sciences.” Nature 652 (8108): 143–50. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-10078-y.